Artificial noise or acoustic alerts have been discussed as an important potential safety measure, for e-scooters, if their use in public places is to be made legal. Research was conducted by TRL and Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), University of Warwick, on behalf of the Department for Transport (DfT). It was suggested that a standard universal sound could be used by alert all operators and manufacturers to avoid confusion, and that it would be useful if distance and direction of travel could be easily detected from the sound.